“Uterine Fibroids Explained: What Every Woman Should Know”

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women have them at some point in their lives. However, most fibroids do not cause problems. Uterine fibroids symptoms can vary. Some women may not notice them at all. Others may have heavy periods or pain. Because fibroids are common, it is important to know what they are and how they can affect your health.

Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Not all women with fibroids have symptoms. Still, some signs are more common than others. For example, you may notice changes in your period or feel pressure in your belly. Here are some symptoms to watch for:

Heavy or long periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent urination

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Back or leg pain

Pain during sex

Sometimes, fibroids can cause trouble getting pregnant. But many women with fibroids have healthy pregnancies.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of uterine fibroids. Yet, some factors can raise your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone help fibroids grow. Also, family history plays a role. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them. Other risk factors include:

Being between ages 30 and 50

Being overweight

Starting your period at a young age

Eating a lot of red meat

Not eating enough fruits and vegetables

Having high blood pressure

Even though these factors can increase risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids.

How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several ways to find out if you have fibroids. First, your doctor may ask about your symptoms and do a pelvic exam. If they suspect fibroids, they may order tests. For example, an ultrasound uses sound waves to create pictures of your uterus. This helps your doctor see the size and location of fibroids. Other tests include:

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Hysterosonography (a special ultrasound with fluid)

Hysteroscopy (using a thin tube to look inside the uterus)

Lab tests to check for anemia if you have heavy bleeding

Because symptoms can be similar to other conditions, these tests help your doctor make the right diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Some women do not need treatment if they have no symptoms. However, if fibroids cause problems, there are several options:

Medical Treatments

Medicines to control heavy bleeding or pain (like birth control pills)

Hormone therapy to shrink fibroids

Non-hormonal medicines for pain relief

Surgical Treatments

Myomectomy (removing fibroids but keeping the uterus)

Hysterectomy (removing the uterus)

Uterine artery embolization (blocking blood flow to shrink fibroids)

Minimally invasive procedures (using small cuts and special tools)

Lifestyle and Home Care

Eating a healthy diet with more fruits and vegetables

Staying at a healthy weight

Exercising regularly

Managing stress

Talk to your doctor about the best treatment for you. Each option has benefits and risks.

Prevention and Lifestyle Guidance

While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may help lower your risk. For instance, eating more green vegetables and less red meat can be helpful. Also, keeping a healthy weight and staying active are good for your overall health. Here are some tips:

Eat a balanced diet rich in fiber

Limit processed foods and sugary drinks

Exercise most days of the week

See your doctor for regular check-ups

Because fibroids can grow slowly, regular visits help catch any changes early.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to know when to seek medical help. If you have heavy periods, pain, or trouble getting pregnant, talk to your doctor. Also, if you notice a sudden change in your symptoms, do not wait. Early diagnosis can help you get the right treatment sooner.

For personalized advice about uterine fibroids, consult a gynecologist. They can help you choose the best care for your needs.